The staking of Petar Blagojević was one of the first well documented vampire cases in modern Europe. The attention to this vampire plaguing the Serbian village caused the vampire panic that would last way into the next century, perhaps even to this day.
Next to the Danube River and Silver Lake, the Serbian villagers in Kisiljevo are gathering around a particular grave. As they lift the coffin lid, panic erupts around them. It was like they feared, their once good neighbour and friend had turned into a vampire, an undead. With their wooden stakes held high, they pierced his heart and watched as the blood he had taken from his victim flooded out of his months-old corpse.
In the shadowy heart of 18th-century Serbia, nestled in the village of Kisiljevo, a terrifying legend took root — one that would ignite a vampire hysteria across Europe and shape the foundations of modern vampire folklore as we know it. At the center of this unnerving tale was Petar Blagojević, a simple villager whose death in 1725 was only the beginning of the true horror.
A Quiet Death… Followed by Unsettling Whispers
Petar Blagojević’s life, by all accounts, was unremarkable in comparison to the more famous vampires like Dracula’s Vlad Tepes or Madame Bathory. He was an ordinary man in a rural Serbian village, during a time when superstition clung to the edges of everyday life. But it was his death — and what followed — that would make him infamous.
He was born in Kisilova village, then on the far outskirts of the Hapsburg Empire, in 1662 and grew up to be a farmer like the rest of the villagers. Kisilova (Kisiljevo), a hamlet in the Serbia region that was returned to the Ottomans after the Treaty of Belgrade (1795) and briefly transferred from Ottoman into Austrian hands after the Treaty of Passarowitz. It was like many other post-war places, food shortage, epidemic diseases and an identity crisis between the Catholics and the Orthodox Serbs.
But for the farmer, life went on, Ottoman or Austrian. He married, had children and lived a life without huge ripples until his death in 1725 of unknown causes. It is said he was buried with the usual Roman Catholic ceremonies.
Shortly after Blagojević’s burial, villagers began dying under mysterious and alarming circumstances after a mysterious illness took hold of them just the day before their death. In the span of eight days, nine people perished, each claiming on their deathbeds to have been throttled in the night by Blagojević himself, risen from the grave. Some say that it happened over two days.
To make matters more terrifying, it was said that Blagojević visited his widow after the funeral, asking for his opanci shoes. She is said to have fled the village and moved away right after.
It was also said that he returned home to his son and demanded food. The first day he came, he gave him what he asked for, but he came again and the son didn’t want anything to do with him. When his son refused, his father brutally murdered him by biting him and drinking his blood.
The Vampire Hysteria Takes Hold
In the early 18th century, the concept of the vampire in Eastern European folklore was already entrenched, and people believed that entire villages had been taken by vampires during the Ottoman rule. But Blagojević’s case brought it into sharp, horrifying focus. Terrified, the villagers demanded action and petitioned the local Austrian authorities for permission to exhume Blagojević’s corpse.
Austrian official and Kameral Provisor, Ernst Frombald, stationed in Kisiljevo, reluctantly agreed, documenting the entire event in a chilling report now considered one of the earliest recorded vampire incidents in European history. In his written record, he used for the first time the Serbian word, Vampire that would take hold in most European languages unchanged going forward.
The case of Blagojević was brought to his attention, ten weeks after his death. Some say he was only dead a few days before the exhumation. Some sources place the exhumation to April. Frombald is said to have wanted to wait for orders from Belgrad, but feared there would be an uproar if he didn’t act fast.
The Unearthed Horror of Vampires
When Blagojević’s grave was opened, the villagers, the Veliko Gradiste priest who tagged along and Frombald alike recoiled at what they saw.
The body was unnaturally well-preserved. The hair and beard had continued to grow. Fresh blood stained the mouth and lips and the skin appeared ruddy and flush, as if alive. He said: “First of all, I did not smell the faintest odor normally characteristic of the dead. With the exception of the nose, which is about to fall off, is completely fresh… Not without wonder I saw fresh blood in his mouth, which according to common observation he had sucked from the people he had killed.”
These ghastly signs, interpreted through the lens of superstition, confirmed to the villagers that Blagojević had become a vampire. Even an erection was present as the account says: “and there were other wild signs, which I omit here out of great respect.”
Without hesitation, they drove a wooden hawthorn stake through his heart. According to witnesses, fresh blood spurted from the wound, and an audible groan escaped the corpse’s lips. The villagers then burned the body to ash — a time-honored method of purging a vampire from the earth.
His victims were also reburied with garlic and whitethorn placed with each corpse in their grave so they wouldn’t come back as vampires.
A Panic Spreads Across Europe
What might have remained a grim village legend took on a life of its own when Frombald’s detailed report reached Austrian authorities in Belgrade, and from there, Vienna. Authorities didn’t really care about what happened, but the mass media certainly did. The account was printed first in Wienerisches Diarium before several newspapers across Europe wrote about it as well, sparking a wave of vampire hysteria in the early 18th century.
Similar exhumations and suspected vampire cases soon surfaced in Serbia, Romania, and Hungary. These incidents — notably the cases of Arnold Paole and Jure Grando — fueled the burgeoning obsession with the undead, leading to widespread vampire panics and numerous official investigations sanctioned by the Habsburg monarchy.
The First “Modern” Vampire
Petar Blagojević’s case holds a particularly important place in vampire lore. His story, meticulously documented and widely circulated, became one of the foundational tales contributing to Europe’s fascination with vampires.
The details of his death and supposed return share eerie similarities with characteristics later popularized in literature and pop culture. But what really happened during his death? Some have tried to attribute his death to a disease, perhaps he was patient zero of the illness that took away his so called victims lives.
What happened with his family is uncertain though. Did his wife run away, and was his son murdered by biting him to death, or was he as well taken by the mysterious illness?
What Really Happened to Blagojević and the Vampire Panic
If it wasn’t vampires, what happened then? After centuries of urbanization, space for the dead started to become more limited ever since the 11th century really. Corpses were buried closer to the living and higher up, not really decomposing in peace as they should. The stench of decomposing flesh from overfilled tombs was warned about in the bigger cities in Europe and with it came horrible diseases like the plague, smallpox and dysentery.
All it needed was a heavy rainstorm or dog burying in the shallow graves for them to rise from their graves, someone looking not nearly decomposed as the living wanted them to look.
After the reformation, the notions of saints weren’t a thing anymore, and those corpses that would have been seen as holy centuries back perhaps, were now something demonic and evil.
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References:
Decomposing Bodies in the 1720s Gave Birth to the First Vampire Panic
Kisiljevo Cemetery – Atlas Obscura
